Nusantara Advanced Scholarly Resources (NASR) is committed to upholding the integrity of the scientific record. Authors must avoid misrepresenting research results, as doing so undermines trust in the journal, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and the entire scientific enterprise. Adherence to good scientific practice helps maintain integrity in research and its presentation. Key principles include:

• Multiple or simultaneous submissions: The manuscript should not be submitted to more than one publication for concurrent consideration.

• Originality: The submitted work must be original and not have been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full), unless the new work represents a genuine expansion of previous work. Transparency on reuse of material is required to avoid concerns about text recycling ("self-plagiarism").

• No salami slicing: A single study should not be split into several parts to increase submission quantity across publications or over time.

• Concurrent or secondary publication: This is sometimes justifiable under specific conditions (e.g., translations or manuscripts intended for a different audience).

• Data presentation: Results must be presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation (including image-based manipulation). Authors must follow discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting, and processing data.

• Plagiarism: No data, text, or theories by others should be presented as the author's own. Proper acknowledgements must be given for closely copied, summarized, or paraphrased material. Quotation marks indicate verbatim copying, and permissions must be secured for copyrighted material.

  • Note: The journal may use plagiarism detection software.

• Permissions: Authors must ensure they have permissions for the use of software, questionnaires, web surveys, and scales in their studies where appropriate.

• Citation practices: Research and non-research articles (e.g., opinion, review, commentary) must cite appropriate and relevant literature. Excessive and inappropriate self-citation or coordinated group self-citation is strongly discouraged.

• Statements about entities or persons: Authors should avoid untrue statements about any entity (individual or company) or descriptions that could be seen as personal attacks or allegations.

• Dual-use research: Research that may be misapplied to pose a threat to public health or national security (e.g., harmful biological agents, vaccine immunity disruption, chemical hazards, weaponization of research) must be clearly identified in the manuscript.

• Authorship accuracy: Authors are strongly advised to ensure the author group, Corresponding Author, and order of authors are correct at submission. Adding or deleting authors during revision is generally not permitted but may be warranted in some cases; reasons must be explained in detail. Changes cannot be made after acceptance (see also Authorship Principles).

• Data availability: Upon request, authors should be prepared to provide relevant documentation or data (e.g., raw data, samples, records) to verify the validity of the results, excluding confidential or proprietary information.

• Third-party rights: Authors must respect third-party rights, including copyright and moral rights.

Investigation of Misconduct

If misconduct or alleged fraud is suspected, the Journal and/or Publisher (NASR) will conduct an investigation following COPE guidelines. If valid concerns are confirmed, the author(s) will be contacted via their provided email address and given an opportunity to address the issue. Depending on the situation, the following measures may be implemented, including but not limited to:

• If the manuscript is under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to the author.

• If the article has already been published online, depending on the nature and severity of the infraction:

  • An erratum/correction may be placed with the article.

  • An editorial expression of concern may be placed with the article.

  • In severe cases, retraction of the article may occur.

• The reason will be provided in the published erratum/correction, expression of concern, or retraction note. Retraction means the article remains on the platform, watermarked "retracted," with an explanation linked to the watermarked article.

• The author's institution may be informed.

• A notice of suspected transgression of ethical standards in the peer review system may be included in the author's and article's bibliographic record.

Fundamental Errors

Authors have an obligation to correct significant errors or inaccuracies discovered in their published article. The author(s) must contact the journal, explaining how the error impacts the article. The decision on how to correct the literature (correction or retraction) depends on the nature of the error. The retraction note must provide transparency regarding which parts of the article are affected.

Suggesting or Excluding Reviewers

Authors are welcome to suggest suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of certain individuals upon submission. Suggested reviewers must be totally independent and not connected to the work in any way. It is strongly recommended to suggest a mix of reviewers from different countries and institutions. The Corresponding Author must provide an institutional email address for each suggested reviewer or, if not possible, include other means of verifying identity (e.g., link to a personal homepage, publication record, or researcher/author ID) in the submission letter. Please note that the journal may not use the suggestions, although they are appreciated and may facilitate the peer review process.